Abstract: The purpose of this study is to develop behavioral profiles, by considering elements of learning ecology, of first-year higher education students that participate in collaborative discussion forums on a digital environment. To determine student profiles, student inputs are analyzed according to two dimensions: 1) message type (content and depth) and 2) context variables that include day of the week, time of the day, and input topic. A descriptive-quantitative analysis is applied. The sample is composed by 43 students enrolled in a computer science course. The results aim to identifying the times of the day and the days of the week that most affect deep learning. Student inputs with the greatest level of depth were attained after 7:00 p.m. In conclusion, this research study identifies learning ecology behavioral profiles that improve deep learning in students.

Resumen: El propósito de este estudio es determinar perfiles de comportamiento, considerando elementos de la ecología del aprendizaje, en estudiantes de primer año de enseñanza superior que participan en foros de discusión en ambientes colaborativos digitales. Para establecer dichos perfiles, se analizan las contribuciones de los estudiantes según dos dimensiones: 1) la clasificación del mensaje en cuanto a tipo de contenido y profundidad y 2) las variables de contexto como día, hora y tema de la contribución. Se aplica un análisis descriptivo-cuantitativo. La muestra está conformada por 43 estudiantes de un curso de computación. Los principales resultados apuntan a identificar los horarios y días que inciden en la profundidad del aprendizaje. Se observa que las contribuciones con mayor nivel de profundidad son después de las 19:00 horas. Como conclusión, está investigación identifica ciertos perfiles de comportamiento de la ecología del aprendizaje que favorecen los resultados de un aprendizaje profundo en estudiantes.

Background: Bullying has a negative impact on the perception of adolescents of their quality of life. Aim: To analyze the association between being bullied and health related quality of life in Chilean adolescents. Material and Methods: The bullying module of the KIDSCREEN 52 survey and the KIDSCREEN 10 survey to assess health related quality of life were applied to 7737 students aged 10 to 18 years. Social and demographic data, information about disability and type of school were also gathered. Results: Fifteen percent of surveyed students were bullied. A lower quality of life perception increased by a factor of 2.6 among bullied students. It also increased by a factor of 4.4 among students with a low self-esteem, by a factor of 3.1 among those who perceived their health status as regular or bad and by a factor of 1.4 among women. Conclusions: Bullying is associated with a lower quality of life perception among Chilean students.

O objetivo foi avaliar os sintomas depressivos associados com fatores de risco ocupacionais psicossociais, por sexo, no Chile, por meio do modelo demanda-controle (Karasek) e desequilíbrio esforço-recompensa (Siegrist). O estudo foi transversal, com uma amostra aleatória de 3.010 empregados (35% mulheres e 65% homens) em todo o país. Prevalência e associações foram determinados por diversas técnicas estatísticas (eg. χ 2 ; regressão logística). A exposição ao fatores de risco ocupacionais psicossociais e prevalência de sintomas depressivos é maior em mulheres do que em homens (15% vs. 5%). Análise ajustada salienta que as mulheres expostas a Isostrain (OR = 2,34; IC95%: 1,42-3,85) e baixa recompensa (OR = 2,13; IC95%: 1,41-3,21) e homens expostos a demandas psicológicas (OR = 3,04; IC95%: 1,94-4,76) e desequilíbrio esforço-recompensa (OR = 2,19; IC95%: 1,39-3,46) têm chance maior de sintomas depressivos quando comparado com o não exposto. A exposição a fatores de risco ocupacionais psicossociais foi associada com sintomas depressivos em trabalhadores chilenos. A geração de cuidados preventivos em aspectos de organização do trabalho é fundamental.

This article assessed depressive symptoms associated with work-related psychosocial risk factors according to gender in Chile, using the demand-control model (Karasek) and effort-reward imbalance (Siegrist). A cross-sectional study was conducted in a random sample of 3,010 workers (35% female and 65% male) from the country. Data analysis determined prevalence and associations through various statistical techniques (χ 2 , logistic regression). Exposure to psychosocial risk factors at work and prevalence of depressive symptoms were higher in women than men (15% vs. 5%). The adjusted analysis highlighted that female workers exposed to Isostrain (OR = 2.34; 95%CI: 1.42-3.85) and low rewards (OR = 2.13; 95%CI: 1.41-3.21) and male workers exposed to psychological demands (OR = 3.04; 95%CI: 1.94-4.76) and effort-reward imbalance (OR = 2.19; 95%CI: 1.39-3.46) had increased risk of depressive symptoms. Exposure to work-related psychosocial risk factors was associated with depressive symptoms in Chilean workers. Effective prevention in key aspects of work organization is thus needed.

El objetivo fue evaluar sintomatología depresiva, asociada a factores de riesgo psicosocial laboral según sexo en Chile, mediante los modelos demanda-control (Karasek) y desequilibrio esfuerzo-recompensas (Siegrist). El estudio fue transversal con una muestra aleatoria de 3010 trabajadores asalariados (35% mujeres y 65% hombres) de todo el país. Se determinó prevalencias y asociaciones a través de diversas técnicas estadísticas (eg. χ 2 ; regresión logística). La exposición a factores de riesgo psicosocial laboral y la prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva es mayor en mujeres que en hombres (15% vs. 5%). En los análisis ajustados destaca que mujeres expuestas a Isostrain (OR = 2,34; IC95%: 1,42-3,85) y bajas recompensas (OR = 2,13; IC95%: 1,41-3,21), y hombres expuestos a demandas psicológicas (OR = 3,04; IC95%: 1,94-4,76) y desequilibrio esfuerzos-recompensas (OR = 2,19; IC95%: 1,39-3,46), tienen una chance aumentada de sintomatología depresiva al compararse con los no expuestos. La exposición a factores de riesgo psicosocial laboral se asoció con síntomas depresivos en trabajadores chilenos. Resulta clave generar prevención en aspectos de la organización del trabajo.